InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: LOXL2

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-11847.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

LOXL2

Protein Name

lysyl oxidase-like 2

Synonyms

LOR2; WS9-14;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000373783

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-11841 (LOXL2)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Mediates the post-translational oxidative deamination of lysine residues on target proteins leading to the formation of deaminated lysine (allysine). When secreted in extracellular matrix, promotes cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins by mediating oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin. Acts as a regulator of sprouting angiogenesis, probably via collagen IV scaffolding. When nuclear, acts as a transcription corepressor and specifically mediates deamination of trimethylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) via interaction with SNAI1 and participates in repression of E- cadherin, probably by mediating deamination of histone H3. Also involved in E-cadherin repression following hypoxia, a hallmark of epithelial to mesenchymal transition believed to amplify tumor aggressiveness, suggesting that it may play a role in tumor progression. Acts as a regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, probably by regulating expression of factors that control chondrocyte differentiation. {ECO:0000269PubMed:16096638, ECO:0000269PubMed:20026874, ECO:0000269PubMed:21233336, ECO:0000269PubMed:21732535, ECO:0000269PubMed:21835952, ECO:0000269PubMed:22483618}.

Subcellular Localization

Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, basement membrane {ECO:0000250}. Nucleus. Chromosome. Note=Associated with chromatin. It is unclear how LOXL2 is nuclear: it contains a clear signal sequence and is predicted to localize in the extracellular medium. However, different reports confirmed the intracellular location and its key role in transcription regulation.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in many tissues. Highest expression in reproductive tissues, placenta, uterus and prostate. Up- regulated in a number of cancers cells and tissues.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 5 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	5 [view]
Protein-Protein	5 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003682	chromatin binding
GO:0003714	transcription corepressor activity
GO:0004720	protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity
GO:0005044	scavenger receptor activity
GO:0005507	copper ion binding
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0009055	electron carrier activity
GO:0016641	oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
GO:0035064	methylated histone binding
GO:0070492	oligosaccharide binding

Biological Process

GO:0001666	response to hypoxia
GO:0001837	epithelial to mesenchymal transition
GO:0001935	endothelial cell proliferation
GO:0002040	sprouting angiogenesis
GO:0006351	transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006464	cellular protein modification process
GO:0006898	receptor-mediated endocytosis
GO:0007155	cell adhesion
GO:0007568	aging
GO:0016570	histone modification
GO:0018277	protein deamination
GO:0030199	collagen fibril organization
GO:0032332	positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
GO:0043542	endothelial cell migration
GO:0045892	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0046688	response to copper ion
GO:0055114	oxidation-reduction process