Homo sapiens Gene: TMEM173 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Summary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InnateDB Gene | IDBG-47893.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified | 2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene Symbol | TMEM173 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene Name | transmembrane protein 173 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species | Homo sapiens | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000184584 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Encoded Proteins |
transmembrane protein 173
transmembrane protein 173
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Protein Structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Useful resources | Stemformatics EHFPI ImmGen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InnateDB Annotation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary |
TMEM173 (STING) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) receptor that facilitates interferon (IFN) induction by binding to DDX58 (RIG-I) and to subunits of TRAP complex that facilitates translocation of proteins into the ER following translation.
TMEM173 is a critical mediator of virus-triggered type I IFN signalling and a critical mediator of virus-triggered IRF3 activation.
TMEM173 is essential for host defence against DNA pathogens such as HSV-1 and facilitates the adjuvant activity of DNA-based vaccines.
TMEM173 is an adaptor protein that links virus-sensing receptors to IRF3 activation. RNF5 negatively regulates this virus-triggered signaling by targeting TMEM173 for ubiquitination and degradation at the mitochondria.
TMEM173 is required for double stranded DNA-triggered innate immune responses where, upon sensing dsDNA, TMEM173 moves from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and finally reaches the cytoplasmic punctate structures to assemble with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1).
TMEM173 is involved in the innate immune recognition of Plasmodium falciparum AT-rich DNA and in the subsequent induction of type I IFNs. (Demonstrated in mouse)
TMEM173 activates STAT6 during viral infection to induce genes responsible for immune cell homing. (Demonstrated in mice)
TMEM173 is cleaved by dengue viral protease to suppress IRF3 activation and subvert antiviral immunity.
Dengue viral NS2B3 protease complex selectively targets TMEM173 (STING) for degradation to inhibit type I IFN production in human dendritic cells.
TMEM173 (STING) is targeted by hepatitis C viral protease to disrupt interferon signalling.
Cyclic-di-GMP-induced levels of IFI16 suppress the expression of TMEM173 (STING).
In herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infected cells, the stability and function of IFI16 and TMEM173 are dependent on cell derivation and the functional integrity of HSV-1 proteins ICP0 and US3 protein kinase.
After viral infection, ELF4 binds to TMEM173 (STING) and induces type I interferon. ELF4 is critical for host antiviral defense.
The end result of the interplay between TMEM173 (STING), IFI16, and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is determined by the genotype of the infected cells and the functional integrity of HSV-1 proteins infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) and US3 protein kinase.
Familial TMEM173 mutation is associated with inflammatory lupus-like manifestations.
Cytosolic RNA:DNA hybrids are sensed by the MB21D1-TMEM173 (cGAS-STING) pathway of the innate immune system.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase inhibits TMEM173-stimulated IRF3 activation and IFNB1 induction.
Upon cytoplasmic DNA stimulation, the endoplasmic reticulum protein AMFR is recruited to and interacts with TMEM173 in an INSIG1-dependent manner.
Stimulation of TMEM173-dependent IRF3 activation by ultraviolet radiation is due to apoptotic signalling-dependent disruption of ULK1, a pro-autophagic protein that negatively regulates TMEM173.
4-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-6-carboxamide (G10) requires STING to trigger IRF3/IFN-associated transcription in human fibroblasts and subsequently blocking replication of Chikungunya virus, Venezuelan Encephalitis virus, and Sindbis virus.
Viral interferon regulatory factor 1 (vIRF1), targets TMEM173 by preventing it from interacting with TBK1, thereby inhibiting TMEM173's phosphorylation and concomitant activation, resulting in an inhibition of the DNA sensing pathway.
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InnateDB Annotation from Orthologs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary |
[Mus musculus] Tmem173 is involved in the innate immune recognition of Plasmodium falciparum AT-rich DNA and in the subsequent induction of type I IFNs.
[Mus musculus] Tmem173 activates Stat6 during viral infection to induce genes responsible for immune cell homing.
[Mus musculus] Dengue viral NS2B3 protease complex cannot degrade murine TMEM173, which confers protection against the viral infection.
[Mus musculus] Cyclic dinucleotides initiate the production of Tmem173(STING)-dependent proinflammatory genes and a negative-feedback to prevent sustained production that may otherwise lead to inflammation.
[Mus musculus] Cyclic-di-GMP-induced levels of Ifi202b suppress the expression of Tmem173 (STING).
[Mus musculus] The innate immune system plays a role in immunogenic tumour recognition. Tumor-cell-derived DNA triggers Ifnb1 production and dendritic cell activation via Tmem173 and Irf3 cytosolic DNA sensing pathways.
[Mus musculus] Unrepaired DNA lesions induce type I interferons via the Tmem173 pathway, resulting in enhanced anti-viral and anti-bacterial responses in Atm (-/-) mice.
[Mus musculus] Tmem173-deficient macrophages fail to express negative regulators of immune activation and are hyperresponsive to TLR ligands, producing abnormally high levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
[Mus musculus] Aberrant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) packaging promotes escape of mtDNA into the cytosol, where it engages the DNA sensor Mb21d1 and promotes Tmem173-Irf3-dependent signalling to elevate IFN-stimulated gene expression, potentiate type I IFN responses and confer broad viral resistance.
[Mus musculus] DNA vaccine-induced, Irf7-dependent signalling, as part of the Tmem173 (Sting) pathway, is critical for generation of both innate cytokine signalling and antigen-specific B and T cell responses.
[Mus musculus] The cationic polymer and vaccine adjuvant chitosan can engage the Tmem173/Mb21d1 (STING/cGAS) pathway to trigger innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Entrez Gene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary | Currently no Entrez Summary Available. You might want to check the Summary Sections of the Orthologs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene Information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | Protein coding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genomic Location | Chromosome 5:139475534-139482935 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Strand | Reverse strand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Band | q31.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transcripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interactions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Interactions |
This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 69 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 4 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.
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Gene Ontology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecular Function |
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Biological Process |
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Cellular Component |
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Orthologs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species
Mus musculus
Bos taurus
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Gene ID
Gene Order
Not yet available
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Pathways | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NETPATH | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
REACTOME |
IRF3 mediated activation of type 1 IFN pathway
ZBP1(DAI) mediated induction of type I IFNs pathway
STING mediated induction of host immune responses pathway
IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN pathway
Innate Immune System pathway
Regulation of innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA pathway
Immune System pathway
Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA pathway
STAT6-mediated induction of chemokines pathway
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KEGG |
RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway pathway
Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway pathway
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INOH | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PID NCI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SwissProt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TrEMBL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UniProt Splice Variant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entrez Gene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UniGene | Hs.379754 Hs.610825 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RefSeq | NM_198282 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HUGO | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OMIM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CCDS | CCDS4215 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HPRD | 14173 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IMGT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EMBL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenPept | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RNA Seq Atlas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||