Homo sapiens Gene: HMGB1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Summary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InnateDB Gene | IDBG-21100.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified | 2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene Symbol | HMGB1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene Name | high mobility group box 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | HMG1; HMG3; SBP-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species | Homo sapiens | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000189403 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Encoded Proteins |
high mobility group box 1
high mobility group box 1
high mobility group box 1
high mobility group box 1
high mobility group box 1
high mobility group box 1
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Protein Structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Useful resources | Stemformatics EHFPI ImmGen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InnateDB Annotation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary |
HMGB1 functions as universal sentinel for nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses.
HMGB1 activates innate immunity mechanisms as a complex with DNA, lipids and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines.
HMGB1 is an alarmin and a key mediator of natural killer (NK)-dendritic cell (DC) cross-talk and plays a pivotal role in the escape of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected dendritic cells from TRAIL-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity during NK-DC cross-talk by upregulating c-FLIP and c-IAP2 expression.
HMGB1 is an endogenous TLR4 ligand in macrophages and its release in wounds initiates TLR4-dependent responses that contribute to neovascularization. (Demonstrated in murine model)
HMGB1 is found in high concentrations within neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). HMGB1 is a neutrophil protein that facilitates the uptake and recognition of mammalian DNA by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and may play a role in Systemic Lupus Erthermatosus autoimmunity.
HMGB1 plays a key regulatory role in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to inflammatory tissues. Low concentrations of HMGB1 (50-100 ng/ml) reduce baseline PMN migration as well as formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine- and IL8-induced PMN chemotaxis, whereas higher HMGB1 concentrations (5000 ng/ml) have a chemoattractant effect on PMN through IL8 production.
HMGB1 has a pathogenic role in arthritis, where in complex with lipopolysaccharide, IL1A or IL1B, HMGB1 boosts the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMP3 as demonstrated in synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients.
Nuclear HMGB1 translocates to the cytoplasm in LPS-stimulated macrophages to potentiate inflammatory responses. (Demonstrated in mice)
Mast cell chymase CMA1 contributes to the control of inflammation by degrading the virulence factor Hsp70 of Trichinella spiralis, as well as several alarmins such as endogenous HSPA1A, BGN, and HMGB1..
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InnateDB Annotation from Orthologs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary |
[Mus musculus] Hmgb1 is an endogenous Tlr4 ligand in macrophages and its release in wounds initiates Tlr4-dependent responses that contribute to neovascularization.
[Mus musculus] Hmgb1 plays a key regulatory role in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to inflammatory tissues. Low concentrations of Hmgb1 (50-100 ng/ml) reduce baseline PMN migration as well as formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine- and Il8-induced PMN chemotaxis, whereas higher Hmgb1 concentrations (5000 ng/ml) have a chemoattractant effect on PMN through Il8 production . (Demonstrated in human)
[Mus musculus] Hmgb1 has a pathogenic role in arthritis, where in complex with lipopolysaccharide, Il1a or Il1b, Hmgb1 boosts the production of proinflammatory cytokines and Mmp3 as demonstrated in synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. (Demonstrated in human)
[Mus musculus] Nuclear Hmgb1 translocates to the cytoplasm in LPS-stimulated macrophages to potentiate inflammatory responses. (Demonstrated in mice)
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Entrez Gene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary | Currently no Entrez Summary Available. You might want to check the Summary Sections of the Orthologs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene Information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type | Protein coding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genomic Location | Chromosome 13:30456704-30617597 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Strand | Reverse strand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Band | q12.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transcripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interactions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Interactions |
This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 82 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 12 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.
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Gene Ontology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecular Function |
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Biological Process |
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Cellular Component |
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Orthologs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species
Mus musculus
Bos taurus
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Gene ID
Gene Order
Not yet available
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Pathways | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NETPATH |
TNFalpha pathway
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REACTOME |
RIP-mediated NFkB activation via ZBP1 pathway
ZBP1(DAI) mediated induction of type I IFNs pathway
TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation pathway
RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways pathway
Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling pathway
TAK1 activates NFkB by phosphorylation and activation of IKKs complex pathway
MyD88-independent cascade pathway
Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade pathway
MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane pathway
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade pathway
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade pathway
TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation pathway
MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome pathway
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade pathway
MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane pathway
Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade pathway
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade pathway
Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade pathway
Activation of DNA fragmentation factor pathway
Apoptotic execution phase pathway
Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade pathway
Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation pathway
Innate Immune System pathway
Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade pathway
Toll-Like Receptors Cascades pathway
Apoptosis pathway
DEx/H-box helicases activate type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines production pathway
Immune System pathway
Activated TLR4 signalling pathway
TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling pathway
Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA pathway
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KEGG |
Base excision repair pathway
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INOH | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PID NCI |
Beta3 integrin cell surface interactions
amb2 Integrin signaling
Endogenous TLR signaling
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Cross-References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SwissProt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TrEMBL | Q5T7C0 Q5T7C4 Q9NYD7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UniProt Splice Variant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entrez Gene | 3146 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UniGene | Hs.434102 Hs.609311 Hs.693118 Hs.717965 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RefSeq | NM_002128 XM_005266363 XM_005266365 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HUGO | HGNC:4983 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OMIM | 163905 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CCDS | CCDS9335 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HPRD | 01228 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IMGT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EMBL | AF255609 AF281043 AL138681 AL353648 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenPept | AAF71287 AAK64599 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RNA Seq Atlas | 3146 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||